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S
Satellite TV: Video and audio signals relayed via a
communication device that orbits around the earth.
sandboxing :
The Java security model, which provides control over how Java applets can
interact with a computer system.
Scalability: The degree to which a computer application or component can
be expanded in size, volume, or number of users served and continue to
function properly.
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Scanner: A device that converts a printed page or image into an
digital representation that can be viewed and manipulated on a computer.
Schema:
1) A
relatively simple textual description or representation of the internal
structure of a database, including table names, element names, and
relationships between elements. 2) One of several new entities that define
the structure and content parameters for XML documents.
SCORM (Sharable
Content Object Reference Model):
A set of specifications that, when applied to course content,
produces small, reusable learning objects. A result of the Department of
Defense's Advance Distributed Learning (ADL) initiative, SCORM-compliant
courseware elements can be easily merged with other compliant elements to
produce a highly modular repository of training materials.
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Screen reader:
Computer software that speaks text on the screen.
Often used by individuals who are visually impaired.
Script:
A program or set of instructions not carried out by the
computer processor but by another program. Code is interpreted at run time
rather than being stored in executable format.
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script :
A program consisting of a set of instructions to an application or utility
program.
scriptlet :
reusable
Web page in which Dynamic HTML script has been written according to
certain conventions.
Scripting
language:
See
Script.
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Scroll:
To move text and images on a computer screen in a constant
direction--down, up, right, or left.
SCSI :
Small computer standard interface. An I/O bus designed as a method for
connecting several classes of peripherals to a host system without
requiring modifications to generic hardware and software.
SDK :
Software Development Kit. A kit that programmers can use to create new
applications.
Section 508:
The section of the 1998 Rehabilitation Act that states that all electronic
and information technology procured, used, or developed by the federal
government after June 25, 2001, must be accessible to people with disabilities.
Affected technology includes hardware such as copiers, fax machines,
telephones, and other electronic devices as well as application software and
Websites. See
http://www.section508.gov/.
secure password authentication (SPA) :
Any authentication in which the actual password is not sent over the
network.
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) :
A protocol that supplies secure data communication through data
encryption and decryption. SSL enables communications privacy over
networks through a combination of public key cryptography and bulk data
encryption.
security zone :
In Internet Explorer, a segment of the Internet or intranet assigned a
particular level of security.
Search Engine:
A web service in which the queries of users are compared to the entries in a
massive index of web pages and then provides the search results. Searches
can generate results in a directory format (a la Yahoo!) or by the
percentage match between query and the actual web page contents.
Seamless
technology: Technology that's easy to use, intuitive in
nature, and isn't the focus of the learning experience. Also called
transparent technology.
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Self-assessment:
The process by which the learner determines his or her
personal level of knowledge and skills.
Self-paced
learning:
An offering in which the learner determines the
pace and timing of content delivery.
The Semantic
Web:
A concept proposed by World Wide Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee. States that
the Web can be made more useful by using methods such as content tags to
enable computers to understand what they're displaying and to communicate
effectively with each other. That, says Berners-Lee, will increase users'
ability to find the information they see.
Serial bus:
A channel through which information flows, one bit at a time, between two or
more devices in or connected to a computer. A bus typically has multiple
points of access through which devices can attach to it.
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Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) :A
data link protocol that allows transmission of IP data packets over
dial-up telephone connections, typically used by UNIX remote access
servers.
Serial port:
A connection point for peripheral devices to be attached to a computer,
through which data transmission occurs one bit at a time.
Server: A computer with a special service function on a network,
generally to receive and connect incoming information traffic.
server:
For a LAN, a computer running administrative software that controls access
to all or part of the network and its resources.
A computer acting as a server makes resources available to computers
acting as workstations on the network. See client.
server message block (SMB) :
The protocol developed by Microsoft, Intel, and IBM that defines a series
of commands used to pass information between network computers. The
redirector packages SMB requests into a network control block (NCB)
structure that can be sent over the network to a remote device. The
network provider listens for SMB messages destined for it and removes the
data portion of the SMB request so that it can be processed by a local
device.
Service Advertising Protocol (SAP) :
The Novell NetWare broadcasting protocol.
service :
A group of interfaces that perform related tasks for ActiveX designers. A
caller asks an object for a service, and in return receives an ActiveX
object that supports the designated interfaces. Services do not delegate
to their individual member interfaces, but rather to the IServiceProvider
interface.
setup script :
A text file that contains predefined settings for all the options
specified during setup.
share-level security :
A security methodology in which passwords are used to restrict access to
shared resources on a peer server. The only security level available on
peer-to-peer networks.
Simulations: Highly interactive applications that allow the
learner to model or role-play in a scenario. Simulations enable the learner
to practice skills or behaviors in a risk-free environment.
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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) :
A protocol used for exchanging mail on the Internet.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) :
The Internet’s standard for remote monitoring and management of hosts,
routers, and other nodes and devices on a network. A TCP/IP-derived
protocol governing network management and monitoring network devices.
site :
The object through which project items communicate with their
surroundings. Each project item has one site.
Skill gap
analysis:
Compares a person's skills to the skills required for the job
to which they have been, or will be, assigned. A simple skill gap analysis
consists of a list of skills required along with a rating of the employee's
level for each skill. Ratings below a predetermined level identify a skill
gap.
Skills
inventory:
A list of skills or competencies that an individual posssess,
usually created by self-evaluation.
SLIP (Serial
Line Internet Protocol):
A means of allowing a user to connect to the Internet directly over a
high-speed modem. Also see
PPP. SLIP is older and used less
frequently than PPP.
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Slow scan
converter: A transmitter or receiver of still video over narrowband
channels. In real time, camera subjects must remain still for highest
resolution.
smart card :
A small electronic device, approximately the size of a credit card, that
contains an embedded integrated circuit. Used
for such tasks as storing medical records, storing digital cash, and
generating network IDs.
SME (subject
matter expert):
An individual who is recognized as having
proficient knowledge about and skills in a particular topic or subject area.
SMTP:
The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the set of procedures needed for users
to send mail from their networked computer to remote users. The SMTP server
accepts a users message and routes it to the chosen destination. SMTP is
most-often used in conjunction with POP3 to manage the transfer of e-mail.
SNMP :
See Simple Network Management Protocol.
socket :
A software object used by a client to connect to a server; basic
components include the port number and the network address of the local
host.
SOCKS :
A protocol for traversing firewalls in a secure and controlled manner,
made publicly available by the Internet Engineering Task Force.
Soft skills: Business skills such as communication and
presentation, leadership and management, human resources, sales and
marketing, professional development, project and time management, customer
service, team building, administration, accounting and finance, purchasing,
and personal development.
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Software:
A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do; a program.
Source code:
Program instructions written by a software developer and later translated
(usually by a compiler) into machine language that a computer can
understand.
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source routing :
A method of routing data across bridges.
Spam:
(noun) Junk email that is sent, unsolicted and in bulk, to advertise
products or services or publicize a message. The term may have originated
from a Monty Python song. (verb) To send unsolicited bulk email to advertise
products or services or publicize a message.
Specification:
A plan,
instruction, or protocol for e-learning that's established or agreed upon.
Specification is often used
interchangeably with standard,
but the two terms are not truly synonymous. Specifications become standards
only after they've been approved by an accrediting agency.
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SPI :
Service provider interface, a single, well-defined set of functions used
by Windows 98 to request network services.
SQL: Language for accessing information in a database and updating
entries.
Standard:
An e-learning
specification established as a model by a governing authority such as IEEE
[link]
or ISO
[link] to ensure quality, consistency, and
interoperability.
static type information :
Type information that remains the same throughout the lifetime of the
object. See also type information.
step capture :
A process in which a user captures digital-video data one frame at a time.
Still Image Architecture (STI) :
A WDM architecture for still image devices. A still
image minidriver provides support for still image devices, such as
scanners and cameras.
Storyboard:
(noun) An outline of a multimedia project in which each page represents a
screen to be designed and developed. (verb) To create a storyboard.
Streaming
media (streaming audio or video): Audio or video files played as they are being downloaded
over the Internet instead of users having to wait for the entire file to
download first. Requires a media player program.
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stream :
A continuous series of bits, bytes, or other small, structurally uniform
units.
streaming architecture :
A model for interconnection of stream-processing components, in which
applications dynamically load data as they output it. Dynamic loading
means data can be broadcast continuously. See WDM streaming.
streaming data :
Data continuously broadcast to an application. For example, a broadcast
client’s user might subscribe to continuously broadcast sports scores.
Studying:
The
self-directed practice of reviewing instructional material (usually as a
follow-up to instruction) to improve retention and understanding. Aims to
increase or improve skills or knowledge in the long-term, although some
people argue that studying only places information in the short-term memory
and mainly serves the goal of improving performance on tests.
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Style
sheets:
In traditional
print publishing and on the Web, style sheets specify how a document should
appear, standardizing such elements as fonts, page layout and line spacing,
repeated content, and so forth. Web style sheets help ensure consistency
across Webpages, but HTML coding can also override the sheets in designated
sections of the pages. Also see
CSS.
subobject :
An object defined, created, and managed by another object.
subnet mask :
A 32-bit value that allows the recipient of IP packets to distinguish the
network ID portion of the IP address from the host ID.
subscription :
Stored information describing how a user will have access to an Active
Channel Web site, including frequency and method of access.
swap file :
A hidden file on the hard drive that Windows uses to hold parts of
programs and data files that do not fit in memory.
Synchronous
learning: A real-time, instructor-led online learning
event in which all participants are logged on at the same time and
communicate directly with each other. In this virtual classroom setting, the
instructor maintains control of the class, with the ability to "call on"
participants. In most platforms, students and teachers can use a whiteboard
to see work in progress and share knowledge. Interaction may also occur via
audio- or videoconferencing, Internet telephony, or two-way live broadcasts.
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Synergy: The dynamic energetic atmosphere created in an online class
when participants interact and productively communicate with each other.
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system policies :
Settings that allow an administrator to override local registry values for
user or computer settings.
System Policy Editor :
A tool with which one can change many common registry settings for an
individual computer.
System
requirements:
The
technological conditions required to run a software application. Includes
the operating system, programming language, database, hardware
configuration, bandwidth, processing power, and so forth.
symmetrical :
providing equal speeds in both directions. Compare with asymmetrical.
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