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P
Packet: A bundle of data transmitted over a network. Packets have no
set size; they can range from one character to hundreds of characters.
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packet :
A transmission
unit of fixed maximum size that consists of binary information
representing both data and a header containing
an ID number, source and destination addresses, and error-control data.
Page turner:
A derogatory term for e-learning that offers little to no graphics or
interaction, instead comprising mainly pages of text.
PANOSE :
A font matching
system based on a numeric classification of fonts according to visual
characteristics.
parse :To
analyze or separate (for example, input) into more easily processed
components.
password :
A unique string
of characters that must be provided before logon or access to a resource
or service is authorized.
Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) :A
security protocol that uses a two-way handshake for the peer to establish
its identity.
password caching :Automatically
storing a password in a password list (PWL) file so that whenever the user
logs on again, the logon password unlocks the PWL file and the resource
passwords it contains.
PC Card :
A trademark of
PCMCIA. A removable device that is designed to be plugged into a PC Card
slot and used as a memory-related peripheral.
PCI :
Peripheral
Component Interconnect. A high-performance, 32-bit or 64-bit bus designed
to be used with devices that have high bandwidth requirements, such as
display subsystems.
PCMCIA:
The Personal
Computer Memory Card International Association, which standardizes credit
card-sized interface cards used in portables and other small computers.
PDA (personal
digital assistant):
Handheld computer device used to organize personal information such as
contacts, schedules, and so forth. Data can usually be transferred to a
desktop computer by cable or wireless transmission.
PDF
(portable document format):
File format
developed by Adobe Systems to enable users of any hardware or software
platform to view documents exactly as they were created--with fonts, images,
links, and layouts as they were originally designed.
Peer-to-peer
network (P2P):
A communications network that enables users to connect their computers and
share files directly with other users, without having to go through a
centralized server. Groove is an example of an application that runs
on a peer-to-peer network.
Personalization: Tailoring Web content to an individual user. Can be
accomplished by a user entering preferences or by a computer guessing about
the user's preferences.
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permission scoping :
Preventing
permissions granted to a trusted component from being misused, either
intentionally or inadvertently,by a less trusted component.
permission signing :
Allowing a
signed cabinet file to specify securely
not only the identity of the signer but
also the set of permissions being requested for the signed classes.
Personal Information Exchange (PFX) :
A set of public
key-based security technologies that is part of the Microsoft Internet
security framework.
persistent :
Lasting between
program sessions, or renewed when a new program session is started.
persistent storage :
Storage of a
file or object in a medium such as a file system or database that enables
the file to be closed and then re-opened at a later time. Data can be
retrieved from the file until the underlying file is deleted.
PCM : Pulse Code
Modulation. A method of encoding an audio signal in digital format.
PCMCIA : Personal
Computer Memory Card International Association. A standard for miniturized
laptop expansion cards for modems, storage, and other devices. Often called
PC cards.
POP : Point of
Presence. A local dialin point for an Internet Service Provider.
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POTS : Plain Old
Telephone Service. Regular analog phone service, as opposed to ISDN, ADSL,
and other digital phone services.
PRI : Primary Rate
Interface. An industrial grade ISDN line. In the United States and Japan, a
PRI consists of 23 64K bearer channels and a 64K delta (controller) channel.
In Europe, a PRI consits of 30 bearer channels and a delta channel.
PSTN : Public
Switched Telephone Network.
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Platform for Internet Content Selection (PICS) :
A system
providing for the voluntary rating of World Wide Web site content by
either the publisher of the page or a third-party rating group.
Plug-and-play:
The ability of
a personal computer's operating system to recognize and install-- with
little to no intervention by the user--new peripheral devices that are added
to the computer. Also spelled plug-n-play or plug 'n' play.
Plug and Play :
A design
philosophy and set of specifications that describe hardware and software
changes to the PC and its peripherals, making it possible to add new
components without having to perform technical procedures.
Plugfest:
A biannual
event sponsored by the Advanced Distributed Learning Network
[link]
that brings
together early adopters of the SCORM
[link]
specifications to validate and document their process in meeting
requirements for reuse, adaptability, interoperability, cost-effectiveness,
and global access.
Plug-in:
An accessory program that adds capabilities to the main
program. Used on Webpages to display multimedia content.
Plug-in:
Any software program used in conjunction with a web browser to enhance a
user's visit to a web site. Plug-ins allow web surfers to see movies,
animation, and hear sound that has been incorporated into a web page.
PNG
(Portable Network Graphics):
The patent-free graphics compression format developed by Macromedia
expected to replace GIF. PNG offers advanced graphics features such as
48-bit color.
Point-to-multipoint: Transmission between multiple locations using a
bridge.
Point-to-point: Transmission between two locations.
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Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) :
Protocol
that enables a computer to securely connect to the Internet or an intranet
by tunneling through an Internet or LAN connection.
POP (Post
Office Protocol):
The set of
rules and standards that govern the retrieval of email messages from a mail
server.
POP3:
Post Office Protocol 3 is a set of procedures that allows computers to
receive e-mail from a central server. The server holds a client's mail until
it is requested by a user, who logs in to the POP3 server with a user name
and password. POP3 is the most common form of e-mail distribution service on
the Internet.
Portal: A Website that acts as a doorway to the Internet or a
portion of the Internet, targeted towards one particular subject. Also see
learning portal.
Post:
To place a message in a public message forum. Also, to place
an HTML page on the World Wide Web.
Power users:
Advanced, sophisticated users of technology (usually a computer application
or an operating system) who know more than just the basics needed to operate
it.
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PPP: A software package that enables a user to connect directly to the
Internet over a telephone line.
PPP :
Point-to-Point
Protocol. An industry standard, a part of Windows 98 Dial-Up Networking,
designed to ensure interoperability with remote access software from other
vendors. It is used in making point-to-point links, especially with
dial-up modem servers.
Practice item:
1) A question or learning activity that serves as
an informal validation and reinforcement of instruction. 2) A sample
question that precedes a test, designed to ensure that the learner
understands the mechanics of the testing system.
Practices:
A set of methods or procedures to be followed, as in
best
practices
or standard
practices.
In e-learning, the methods used to communicate the content to the learner.
preemptive multitasking :
A method by
which the operating system takes control away from or gives control to
another running task, depending on the needs of the system.
Prescriptive
learning: A process in which only coursework that matches
a learner's identified skill and knowledge gaps is offered to him or her,
with the goal of making the learning experience more meaningful, efficient,
and cost-effective.
Private Communication Technology (PCT) :
A protocol used
to create a secure Internet or intranet channel.
Program:
See application
[link].
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Projection
system: A device for showing video, television, or
computer images on a large screen.
protected mode :An
operating mode supporting more advanced features than real mode, including
multitasking, data security, and virtual memory.
Protocol: A formal set of standards, rules, or formats for exchanging
data that assures uniformity between computers and applications.
protocol :
A set of rules and conventions by which two computers pass messages across
a network. Networking software usually
implements multiple levels of protocols layered one on top of another.
Windows 98 includes NetBEUI, TCP/IP, and IPX/SPX-compatible protocols.
protocol rollover :
Sending ASF files over a default protocol and then trying to send them via
an alternative server or protocol if the original attempt fails.
proxy server :
A server that acts as a go-between, converting information from Web
servers into HTML to be delivered to a client computer. It
also provides a way to deliver network services to
computers on a secure subnet without those computers needing to have
direct access to the World Wide Web.
properties window :
A window used to display or change properties of a selected form or
control at design time. See also property page and property sheet.
property page :
A grouping of
properties presented as a tabbed page of a property sheet.
property set :
A list of
characteristics that describe a document, stored in a standard format so
other applications can locate and read that information. For example, a
document created with a word processor might have a property set that
includes author, title, and keywords.
property sheet :
A specialized
dialog box (or window) through which users can modify the attributes of an
external object, such as the current selection in a view. A property sheet
has three main parts: the containing dialog box, one or more property
pages shown one at a time, and a tab at the top of each page that the user
clicks to select that page. An example of a property sheet is the Project
Settings dialog box in Microsoft Developer Studio.
Public Domain:
Used to describe software or services that are completely open to public
use. The authors intentionally share their work with any interested user.
Shareware is one element of public domain software.
public object :
An object that
is registered in the system-wide registry and can be used by other
applications.
Pull technology: In reference to the Internet or other online services, the
technology whereby people use software such as a Web browser to locate and
"pull down" information for themselves. See also
push technology.
pull model :
A broadcast
model in which information is downloaded as it is requested.
push model :
A broadcast
model in which a server sends information to a large number of clients on
its own schedule, without waiting for requests. The clients scan the
incoming information, save the parts they have been instructed to save,
and discard the rest.
Push
technology: In reference to the Internet or other online services, the
technology whereby information is sent directly to a user's computer. See
also pull technology
[link].
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