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| President | Roland Elgey | Publisher | Stacy Hiquet |
| Publishing Director | David W. Solomon | Director of Marketing | Lynn E. Zingraf |
| Publishing Manager | Fred Slone | Senior Title Manager | Bryan Gambrel |
| Editorial Services Director | Elizabeth Keaffaber | Managing Editor | Sandy Doell |
| Acquisitions Editor | Kelly Marshall | Senior Editor | Susan Ross Moore |
| Editors | Matthew B. Cox, Sean Dixon, Sherri Fugit, Patricia Kinyon, Mike LaBonne, Juliet MacLean, Jade Williams | ||
| Product Marketing Manager | Kristine Ankney | Assistant Product Marketing Managers | Karen Hagen, Christy M. Miller |
| Strategic Marketing Manager | Barry Pruett | Technical Editor | Matthew Brown |
| Technical Reviewer | Steve Hegenderfer | Technical Support Specialist | Nadeem Muhammed |
| Software Specialist | Brandon K. Penticuff | Acquisitions Coordinator | Carmen Krikorian |
| Software Relations Coordinator | Susan D. Gallagher | Editorial Assistants | Andrea Duvall |
| Book Designer | Ruth Harvey | Cover Designer | Dan Armstrong |
| Production Team | DiMonique Ford, Julie Geeting, Laura A. Knox, Kaylene Riemen, Julie Searls, | ||
| Indexer | Craig Alan Small | ||
About the Authors
Pete Butler is a graduate of Florida A&M University School of Journalism, Media, and Graphics Arts and is presently involved in the development of the highly regarded Florida Communities Network (visit us at fcn.state.fl.us). When he's not handling project management of the Florida Communities Network implementation of the Microsoft Commercial Internet Servers, Pete spends his time playing the drums, reading Wired Magazine, and hanging out with his wife, Karen, and one year old daughter Anna Grace. Pete can be reached at pete@supernet.net.
Roy Cales The overpowering urge for bigger and better toys, combined with many years of managing strange and unusual projects, led Roy Cales to found Integrity Data, Inc., a north Florida based Network Integrator, specializing in business and government technology. His desire to be the ruler of his own domain also drove him to co-found one of the oldest ISPs in the three-state region. The trials and tribulations experienced there have now culminated in the Genesis Communications Network, an ISP focused on providing high bandwidth, secure Internet access to businesses and government. He has been responsible for most of the site design and implementation featured in this book. He can be reached at rcales@integritydata.com.
Judy Petersen has been writing for Que since 1991. She has contributed to Que's Using WordPerfect 6, Using WordPerfect 6 for Windows, Using WordPerfect 5.1 for Windows, Using Corel WordPerfect 7, Using PC Tools 8, Using Microsoft Works for Windows 95, Killer Windows Utilities, and Upgrading to Windows 3.1, and been revision author for the Que's Computer User's Dictionary, 5 th Edition, and lead author for Using PC Tools for Windows, Special Edition.
She provides software training and support in all the popular desktop applications and operating systems at Integrity Data, Inc. Before she discovered what she wanted to do with her life, she practiced law (and still does when sufficiently tempted), managed a restaurant, and drafted soil profile illustrations for an engineering firm that still hires her from time to time to perform environmental history title searches. She is also designing classes to train attorneys in using the Internet as a legal research tool. However, she would rather spend her time cheering on her beloved FSU Seminoles and puttering in the garden. Judy can be reached at judy@integritydata.com.
Steven Banick Having thrown off the shackles of a detour career as a tech and network administrator, Steve's returned to his roots as a graphic designer and writer. Principal of the appropriately named "Steven Banick and Associates" studio in Edmonton (Canada), Steve works primarily in electronic mediums like the World Wide Web and interface design, as well as traditional print work. His sideline employment writing is a throw back to a rebellious youth belief: If you can't be a rock 'n' roll star, you can always be a writer. He can be reached at Steve@Banick.com, or http://www.Banick.com.
Chris Denschikoff writes a lot. He writes for arts and entertainment magazines, he writes for online publications. Despite all this, he still has time to write for Que, and sometimes, for himself. He finds that his Hunter S. Thompson on geriatric drugs is ideally suited to the kill or be killed world of computer technical reference publishing. After a long day slaving over hot computer components, he kicks back and relaxes casually in whatever socially approved fashion you don't object to personally. He also likes cats.
David Melnick, who is currently consulting on Electronic Commerce for the Deloitte and Touche LLP Solutions Group, has over six years of experience in applying technology to support process re-engineering, with a special focus on implementing database-driven Internet/intranet-based applications for business.
He holds both an MBA from the Anderson School at UCLA and the Microsoft Certified Professional status, providing him with both the technical and business skills to address the opportunities that businesses face in leveraging advanced technologies.
David has implemented Microsoft's premiere Internet BackOffice technologies, including Active Server and Merchant Server, into production applications for Fortune 500 clients, providing integrated inventory management, order fullfilment, and online authorization capabilities over the Internet.
Scott McPherson When people talk of reinventing themselves, they should use Scott McPherson as the poster boy. Entering the record industry in 1973 at age 17, Scott was soon traveling to England and Europe on business. Dissatisfied with what he perceived as a lack of quality elected leadership, Scott ran for-and won-a seat in Florida's House of Representatives in 1980, at age 25. This led Scott to serve in the 1980s as a consultant for local, state, and Federal political candidates, as well as a major Presidential candidate. In the late 1980s, Scott entered the relatively new field of personal computer consulting-and has served nearly a decade in that capacity. His weekly column for Knight-Ridder newspapers, The Help Screen, is read by nearly a million newspaper subscribers weekly, and he enjoys a profitable career as a consultant and information technology director. Scott is married to Marta McPherson, and is stepfather to Marta's two children, Danny, age 11, and Mailin, age 14. The McPhersons reside in Tallahassee, Florida. His hobbies include politics, sports, music, and trying to sleep in Saturday mornings.
Acknowledgments
Building the servers and sites that are described in this book, starting with nothing but a bare box and some software (most of it in beta version), takes a variety of skills and untold hours of installing, testing then retesting, and starting over, with plenty of aspirin and antacid tablets always on hand. Without the technical skills and efforts of Douglas Singletary, Ken Sain, and Bryan Blank, the graphics-design capabilities of Colleen McCants, and the ability of Brooke Bassage to effortlessly pick up scripting language, this project would not have come to fruition.
We believed it is important that the Integrity Checks included throughout this book should describe the efforts that were actually required to create sites that will be serving the needs of real enterprises. We are therefore grateful to George Varn with the Tallahassee-Leon County Civic Center, Mimi Jones of The Public Agenda, and Scott McPherson of The Help Screen for their willingness to allow their sites to be the first and their commitment to providing the best services to their users.
Thanks to Bill Lindner and the rest of the talent at Florida Communities Network for their energy and vision. The FCN site and the universal acclaim it has received has set an example for us all. Our hats are off to Pete Butler's contacts at Microsoft for keeping him in the loop on this product, especially Steve Pruett, Laura Metzer, Paul Kavanaugh, and Mike Flanigan.
Particular thanks are due to Kelly Marshall of Que, our Acquisitions Editor, for believing that we really could write this book. She was a source of unfailing support and encouragement in those moments when we were suddenly not so sure after all. Matt Brown served us well in his role of Technical Editor. Many of his suggestions were invaluable; his ability to pick up our oversights was uncanny. Senior Editor Susan Moore nitpicked us to death and scrubbed this book thoroughly, all with unending cheerfulness; any errors that remain are ours.
The authors and publisher give many thanks to Steve Hegenderfer for his invaluable comments, expertise, and patience in reviewing page after page of manuscript while traveling the world.
We'd Like to Hear from You!
As part of our continuing effort to produce books of the highest possible quality, Que would like to hear your comments. To stay competitive, we really want you to let us know what you like or dislike most about this book or other Que products.
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Thank you in advance. Your comments will help us to continue publishing the best books available in today's market.
The Expert User Team
Introduction
Until recently the home of only academics and computer scientists, the Internet has become the place to visit for millions of computer users around the world.
Yet in spite of hearing every day how the Internet is going to change the way we do business, few of us in fact have Internet access, fewer still know how to use the access we have for anything other than e-mail, and only an infinitesimal number of us actually conduct any business on the Web. To our dismay, our children might be more accomplished and regular users than we are. A 10-year-old friend of mine knows his HTML 6-digit color numbers better than he knows his multiplication tables!
This should not be surprising to people reading this book. We are all looking for ways to better access and distribute information, yet network administrators, business owners, and Internet Service Providers spend hours figuring out how to make a mail server program interface reliably with the authentication system only to have a hacker invade the system and wipe out everyone's password. Meanwhile, individual users buy a fast modem and a browser, and then sign up with an online service only to learn it is not always easy to find information, or that servers are "down" whenever they try to dial in, and are reluctant to buy anything online because they have no idea if it's wise to give out credit card numbers or don't see why they should pay to read a few more sports stories on a sports magazine site.
Recognizing a need and an opportunity when they see one, Microsoft has designed the Microsoft Commercial Internet System (MCIS) as the complete answer to online commerce. The set of Internet servers that make up MCIS is designed to enable users to conduct business, access information, and communicate with others on the Internet, and to provide more comprehensive management of Internet sites and activities. MCIS is built on a foundation of Windows NT Server 4.0 and the Internet Information Server. Tightly integrated, with a common user interface, Microsoft Commercial Internet System and its foundation offer scalability, stability, and security that cannot be found by cobbling together pieces of whatever else is out there.
This book is designed to guide you through the complex administration and implementation issues associated with the Microsoft Commercial Internet System. To better accomplish that task, a group of individuals employed full-time in developing and delivering Internet services to users has written Special Edition Using Microsoft Commercial Internet System. Each author brings to this book a level of expertise and perspective that assures the reader the fullest discussion of design, installation, management, and training issues.
There is, however, very little discussion of the membership, content replication, and address book components of CIS. Because of the late public availability of these components, we were unable to adequately verify the final features and test operability problems before going to press.
Who Should Read This Book?
This book addresses itself to information system managers and administrators who are responsible for Internet site management or for moving elements of their business onto the Web, to software developers who develop applications and interfaces for use with the Internet, to commercial Internet Service Providers interested in providing the highest level of services for its business customers, and to readers interested in implementing a full-fledged commercial Internet system. The reader is assumed to be thoroughly familiar with installing and administering a Windows NT 4.0 server and have a working knowledge of SQL Server 6.5, the Internet, and the World Wide Web.
This book's readers will learn how to install, configure, and use the individual servers that make up the Microsoft Commercial Internet System as well as the Proxy Server, Index Server, and the Merchant System. Special attention is paid throughout the book to real-world applications for each server, providing administrators with the information necessary to decide how and to what extent to implement a commercial presence on the Web.
With each of the servers that make up the Microsoft Commercial Internet System given separate attention, this book will serve as a complete reference with clear step-by-step instructions for how to install, configure, and administer all components of Microsoft Commercial Internet System, as well as integration issues and techniques, background material designed to enhance your understanding, and discussion of advanced topics to improve the effectiveness of Internet and intranet ventures.
In addition, the book is based in part on the actual implementation of Microsoft Commercial Internet System on a site that presently consists of four enterprises: a retail store, a syndicated columnist, a nonprofit community-building entity, and the statewide management structure for local charitable agencies. Each chapter includes a discussion of the implementation of its server software in one or more of the site enterprises and provides screen-shots and URL links to actual online pages.
How This Book Is Organized
This book begins with a description of the Microsoft Commercial
Internet Service and its foundation, Windows NT 4.0 and Internet
Information Services, and addresses issues of site planning and
hardware requirements. Subsequent sections describe each of the
MCIS servers in turn, using a step-by-step approach to planning,
installation, configuration, administering, and troubleshooting
the application.
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Part I
Part I, "Preparing for the Microsoft Commercial Internet System," covers what Microsoft Commercial Internet System is and how you prepare for it in your enterprise.
Chapter 1 "Meet the Microsoft Commercial Internet System," describes the Microsoft Commercial Internet System, the reasons why Microsoft has developed this suite of servers, and reviews the reasons why commercial Internet applications are the right choice in today's marketplace. The site that the authors have built to illustrate the applicability of MCIS is described.
Chapter 2 "Getting Started with Microsoft Commercial Internet System," provides an overview of each of the servers that makes up the Microsoft Commercial Internet System and the foundation. The chapter describes the ways an Internet connection can be established and concludes by identifying the issues you need to consider when planning an MCIS site.
Chapter 3 "Building the Foundation," describes the features and installation procedures of Windows NT 4.0 and the Internet Information Server. Information about maintaining the Windows NT 4.0 system, setting up virtual domains, and scaling the foundation is also provided.
Part II
Part II, "Microsoft Commercial Internet System Conference Systems," covers the servers that support Internet communities by providing users access to a variety of information and more powerful ways to communicate with each other.
Chapter 4 "Delivering Discussion Forums with MCIS," examines the ways a news server supports and simplifies the gathering and dissemination of information, reviews the history of Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP), and describes UseNet. Step-by-step procedures for setting up and administering the Internet News Server, including items such as building a news hierarchy, and adding feeds and newsgroups, are provided.
Chapter 5 "Advanced Administration of the Internet News Server," discusses the advantages and implementation of master/slave relationships, then describes how to index the news feeds set up in the previous chapter as well as how to create local and global news groups. The chapter discusses why it might be wise to create moderated groups and how to tune the performance of News Server.
Chapter 6 "Instant Communication-Microsoft Commercial Internet Mail," begins with an overview of Internet Mail, details the procedure for installing and configuring each of the components of Commercial Internet Mail Server, and concludes with information about managing mailboxes and monitoring the mail server.
Chapter 7 "Advanced Internet Mail Server Administration," addresses planning and scaling Internet Mail Server for both Internet Mail and Groupware clients, backing up and restoring IMS, hosting mail and using listserver applications, and looks at ways to fine-tune the mail server performance.
Chapter 8 "Adding a Chat Server," provides a basic understanding of how the Chat Server can serve the needs of your organization. The procedures for installing and configuring the Chat Server, including step-by-step instructions for setting up a three-server and an eight-server network, are provided. Administering, monitoring, and troubleshooting the Chat Server are addressed, as well as suggestions for testing Chat with several popular IRC clients.
Part III
Part III, "Commercial Internet System Membership Services," explores some of the ways Microsoft Commercial Internet System enables providers to manage and enhance the relationship with their customers and other users.
Chapter 9 "Understanding the Commercial Internet Personalization System," describes how the Personalization System can help attract and satisfy new customers, analyze site traffic, and increase the effectiveness of your Web site. The chapter continues with detailed information designed to help you plan for and install the Personalization System for your enterprise, as well as maintain and monitor the system.
Chapter 10, "The Internet Locator Service," provides an overview of the Locator Server and the procedures for installing and configuring ILS. Using Locator Server for activities such as obtaining real-time user information, NetMeeting, and tracking Web site visitors is described, along with several examples of ILS in action.
Part IV
Part IV, "Commercial Internet System Content Management Servers," can be used to acquire, classify, and effectively distribute information within and outside the enterprise.
Chapter 11, "Using Microsoft Index Server," explores the importance and advantages of indexing to assist users in finding information accurately, quickly, and easily. The chapter describes installing Index Server, the considerations involved in efficiently and effectively indexing documents in all formats and many languages, how to create and use query forms, and the ongoing administration that makes an Index Server a truly useful tool.
Chapter 12, "Replicating Internet Content with the Content Replication System," provides an overview of Content Replication Server and instructions for preparing the system for CRS, running setup, and testing the installation. Examples are given for replicating a Web site structure and propagating content with CRS.
Part V
Part V, "The Merchant System," provides information to aid in understanding, installing, configuring, and tuning the Merchant System for use with your enterprise.
Chapter 13, "Microsoft Merchant Server-Enabling Commerce on the Web," considers why to use the Merchant System and looks at the types of merchant servers, such as single stores, online malls, and multiple merchants, that will provide the most benefit to your business. The chapter provides detailed information on installing and testing the server, building a store, and effectively merchandising goods. Interfacing with the SQL server is also described.
Chapter 14, "Building a Merchant System," describes processing orders and payment methods and looks at how shopping is conducted by the store patrons. Administration issues such as synchronizing and changing configurations and adding stores are described, as well as the administrative tools that can assist this process.
Part VI
Part VI, "The Active Server," aids you in getting a Microsoft Internet Information Server off the ground, and tells you why you should be using it. This part includes coverage from base functionality to helpful installation hints.
Chapter 15, "Introduction to Internet Information Server 3.0," is a concise overview of the new Microsoft Web server technology. This chapter goes into detail on how the new facets of IIS 3.0 will affect administration and content delivery models, and allow you to decide if it's the server software for you.
Chapter 16, "Serving Active Content on the Internet," details the power and implementation of Internet Information Server 3.0's Active Server Pages (ASP). This includes brief code examples and a look into the significance of active versus static content on a Web site.
Part VII
Part VII, "Administration, Data Access, and Extended Capabilities," addresses how Microsoft Commercial Internet System can assist in analyzing, administering, and securing the enterprise site.
Chapter 17, "Using the Microsoft Proxy Server," describes the necessary preparation of disk drives, network adapters, the LAT, and service ports, and provides instructions for installing, configuring, and administering the Proxy. Procedures for authenticating clients, granting permissions, controlling Web Proxy user access, monitoring activity, and securing the server are presented. The chapter also provides information on configuring the cache to obtain maximum system performance.
Chapter 18, "Server Administration Via the Web," provides an overview of the Internet Service Manager, describes administration by using a Web page, the standard Internet Service Manager, and the Windows NT 4.0 Internet Service Manager. The reader will become familiar with site administration and troubleshooting, establishing site security, how to monitor multiple servers, and to conduct remote administration.
Chapter 19, "Interpreting Logfiles and Monitoring Server Performance," describes the information that logfiles can provide your business, how to interpret logfiles by using a SQL server, and reviews third-party software that can provide similar data.
Chapter 20, "Developing an Intranet with MCIS Servers," presents information about the ways an intranet can enhance in-house communications, then addresses site planning and the implementation of the MCIS servers that the site plan requires.
Part VIII
Appendix A, "Hardware Requirements," covers in detail the minimum, average, and optimum hardware requirements for each server. Requirements are presented in the context of an actual site where the consequences of various designs are displayed.
Appendix B, "Performance Monitor Counters," details more than 80 performance counters available in Performance Monitor and the operating information each provides about a server.
Appendix C, "Glossary," provides a reference for readers who want more information about many of the terms you must know when working with Microsoft Commercial Internet System.
Conventions Used in This Book
This book assumes that you are already familiar with the graphical user interface used in Windows-based applications. Consequently, no attempt is made to describe how to select or choose various options in the dialog boxes discussed throughout this book. Instead, the terms click, select, choose, highlight, activate, disable, and turn on/off have been used to describe the process of positioning the cursor over a menu command or a dialog box element (option button, check box, command button, drop-down list arrow, and so on) and clicking a mouse button. Those familiar with using the keyboard to select various menu and dialog box options may relate this selection process to keystrokes instead of mouse clicks. Either method is equally acceptable.
Mnemonics in the name of menu commands and dialog box options are indicated by underscoring the letter. However, in the Windows NT 4.0 environment, keyboard access is limited. For example, mnemonics do not appear in the Start menu cascading submenus, and dialog boxes do not have menus but instead use tabs to organize the many options available in each box. In addition, it is possible to administer MCIS using a Web browser and Web pages are not keyboard-friendly. However, wherever keyboard shortcuts are available (such as pressing Ctrl+P to print), the shortcut will be given.
References to paragraph headings that have appeared previously in the book or that will follow later in the book are generally annotated as cross-references and appear near the text to which they pertain. Look for these special features throughout the book to enhance your learning experience.
The following type and font conventions are used in this book to help make reading it easier:
- Italic type is used to introduce new terms.
- On-screen messages, code listings, and command samples appear in monospace type.
- Code that you are instructed to type appears in monospace bold type.
- Shortcut keys are denoted with underscored letters or multiple-key combinations. For example, "choose File, Edit" means that also you can press Alt+F, and then press E to perform the same steps as clicking the File menu and then clicking Edit.
Tips, Notes, and Cautions appear in these specially formatted
boxes to make this important information easier to locate.
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References to section headings that have appeared previously in
the book or that will follow later in the book are annotated as
cross-references and appear near the text to which they pertain.
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