Glossary

I

In WordPerfect for Windows, what is Internet Publisher?

Internet Publisher is a WordPerfect add-on that allows you to create documents for the World Wide Web. You can obtain this freeware application at the following URL:

  ftp://ftp.corel.com/pub/WordPerfect/wpwin/61/!index.htm

Also see:

• For HTML, what editing software is available?
• In WordPerfect and Microsoft Word, what file formats can I save in and convert from?
• In WordPerfect 8 or 9, how do I use the backup option?
• In WordPerfect for Windows, how do I change the line and fill style of my table?
• In WordPerfect, how do I change the default directory?
• How do I send a word processor document as plain text in an e-mail message?
• In WordPerfect, is there a Spanish dictionary that I can install?
• In Microsoft Word and Corel WordPerfect, how do I open and save a Web page?
• What is WordPerfect TextArt, and how do I insert a TextArt object in my WordPerfect document?
• In WordPerfect, how can I import and export files from other word processors and file formats?

On a PC, what is an Interrupt Request Number (IRQ)?

The Interrupt Request Number (IRQ) is a signal from a hardware device on your computer to your CPU. When a hardware device needs the CPU to do something (like move the cursor as you move the mouse), the device sends a number, the IRQ, to the CPU. This signals the CPU that the device has a request that needs processing. (A hardware device that needs attention from the CPU is often referred to as "needing servicing".) IRQs are assigned during the boot process to each hardware device that needs one.

A device requires an IRQ if it is able to provide input to the CPU or start an action. The IRQ is a numeric way to assign the priority that the devices have with the CPU. The lower the value of the IRQ, the more important the need for the input or action to take place. Some devices that are assigned IRQs include the disk drive controllers (floppy and hard disk), mouse, keyboard, and sound card.

An IRQ conflict is a common error that happens when two devices both attempt to use the same IRQ. This generates errors, as the CPU can't figure out which device really owns the IRQ. This IRQ conflict can cause problems severe enough to freeze or lock up your computer. To correct this, you will need to change the IRQ on one of the devices to an unused IRQ. You can make this correction in several different ways, including changing jumpers or micro-switch positions on the device, making changes in the software setup for the device, or making changes in the device manager. For more information, see the Knowledge Base document In Windows, what is the device manager, and how can I use it?

Typical IRQ assignments for a PC

The list below indicates some of the typical IRQ assignments for a PC:

Related online NETg tutorials (IU only)

Networking Foundations Part 1
  Unit: Network Communications
    Lesson: Network Adapter Cards and Drivers
      Topic: Configurable Card Settings

If you haven't used NETg before, see the Knowledge Base document What do I need to know about accessing NETg from the Knowledge Base?

Also see:

• In Windows, what is the device manager, and how can I use it?

What are Internet Drafts and Requests for Comments (RFCs)?

Internet Drafts and Requests for Comments (RFCs) are documents that discuss various Internet protocols, technologies, and concepts. Primarily the responsibility of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and its working groups, they play a crucial role in the evolution of Internet standards and practices.

By definition, an Internet Draft is a short-lived document, often produced by the IETF working groups, but also released by others as well. They are works in progress and, unless updated, they are removed from the Internet Drafts archive six months after they are published. Though some eventually become RFCs, and follow the general RFC format, Internet Drafts should not be regarded as authoritative sources. To read current Internet Drafts or to find more information, visit the IETF's Internet Drafts page at:

  http://www.ietf.org/ID.html

The Requests for Comments (RFC) documents are of a more formal and permanent nature than Internet Drafts. Once an RFC has been assigned a number and distributed, it can never be changed. If a revision becomes necessary, a new RFC is released that makes obsolete or extends the original document. Not all RFCs necessarily describe a standard or are even standard-track. Some are informational or describe vendor-developed technologies that did not go through the IETF. All RFCs, however, are published by the RFC Editor, located at the Information Sciences Institute. For more information about RFCs as well as links to RFC archive mirrors, visit the RFC Editor's page at:

  http://www.rfc-editor.org/

Also see:

• What is the IETF?
• Where can I find information about standards for the World Wide Web?
• What is the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)?
• Where can I get documentation about the evolution of Internet standards?

What is an IP address, and how do I get one?

Your IP address is your computer's unique address on the Internet. It is different from the address of your Ethernet card. Your IP address has four numeric segments separated by periods, e.g., 111.111.111.111. At Indiana University Bloomington, most IP numbers begin with 129.79, 156.56, or 149.159.

This number is assigned by the person responsible for your subnetwork, or by the person who maintains the Domain Name System (DNS) at your institution.

At IUB, many computers use temporary IP numbers assigned by DHCP. If you need an IP number, first check with your department's computing support provider. If you do not have a departmental support provider, send e-mail to  dns-admin@indiana.edu .

For information about requesting an IP address at IUPUI, contact the UITS-IUPUI Support Center by phone at 317/274-4357 or send e-mail to  support@iupui.edu .

In the residence centers, UITS uses DHCP to assign temporary IP numbers for residents' computers.

Also see:

• How do I determine my computer's IP address?
• In the Indiana University Bloomington residence centers, how do I arrange to get connected to the IUB computer network?

What is interactive tape utility (itu) and how do I use it?

Interactive tape utility (itu) is an interactive tape-handling utility available on Steel. With itu, you can examine (scan), copy, and read magnetic tapes of a variety of types and formats.

1. Before using itu, you must mount your tape on a tape drive in the Wrubel Computing Center machine room. To request this, you must connect to Steel via the host name steel-tape.ucs.indiana.edu . Then, at the Unix prompt, enter:

  mtreq -v vsn/bin  -d drive -l label -L label -w

For details on the -v, -d, -l, -L, and -w parameters, see the man pages on mtreq by entering at Steel-tape's Unix prompt:

  man mtreq

2. When the tape is mounted, you are ready to use itu. To access itu, at Steel-tape's Unix prompt, enter:

  itu

The following menu will appear:

    ______________________________________________________

   |                                                      |

   |    1.  Examine tape                                  |

   |                                                      |

   |    2.  Read selected file(s) from tape to disk       |

   |                                                      |

   |    3.  Write selected file(s) from disk to tape      |

   |                                                      |

   |    4.  Copy selected file(s) from tape to tape       |

   |                                                      |

   |    5.  Exact tape-to-tape copy                       |

   |        (allows density conversion)                   |

   |                                                      |

   |    6.  Exit                                          |

   |______________________________________________________|

3. Select the option you want to execute. When the job has completed, you can select additional options from the menu, or exit the menu.
4. After you exit the menu, you must request that your tape be dismounted from the tape drive. To do this, at Steel-tape's Unix prompt, enter:

  mtunload drive

Replace drive with the name of the tape drive on which your tape was mounted. To see the mtunload man page for further information, at Steel-tape's Unix prompt, enter:

  man mtunload

All itu menu options are also accessible from the Unix prompt on Steel. See Steel's man pages on mtreq, mtscan, mtunload, mterase, mtcopy, mtcompare, mtq, mtlabel, tapes, and ltf for details on working with tapes at the system level

What is Internet Assistant for Microsoft Excel?

The Internet Assistant for Excel is an add-in wizard that allows you to create and distribute Excel documents online for viewing with any popular browser. The Internet Assistant helps you convert your spreadsheet data to HTML format. It is designed for the following versions of Excel:

• Excel 97 for Windows 95 and Windows NT
• Excel 7.0 for Windows 95 and Windows NT 3.51
• Excel 5.0 for Windows NT
• Excel 5.0 for Windows 3.X
• Excel 5.0 for Apple Macintosh / Power Macintosh systems.

Although the Internet Assistant for Excel is not localized into other languages, it can be used with localized versions of Microsoft Excel.

The Internet Assistant is installed by default in Excel 98. In Excel 2000 and 2001, no assistant is required, as XML/HTML is a native format.

Also see:

• In Microsoft Excel, how can I keep the labels in the first few rows of my spreadsheet visible when I scroll down?

What is Internet2?

Internet2 is a non-profit consortium led by over 180 US universities working in partnership with over 60 companies. The primary goal of Internet2 is to develop advanced computer network applications to facilitate teaching and research. Internet2 is a project of the University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development (UCAID).

Internet2 is not a separate physical network and it will not replace the Internet, but rather will bring new capabilities to the Internet through the collaboration of academia, industry, and government.

For more information on Internet2, visit:

  http://www.Internet2.edu/html/faqs.html

  http://www.internet2.edu/html/about.html

Also see:

• What is Indiana University's involvement with Internet2?
• What is Abilene?
• At Indiana University, what is the High Performance Network Applications Program?

This is document adrd in domain all from the Knowledge Base.
Last updated on August 29, 2001

What is IRC, and where can I get more information about it?

IRC stands for Internet Relay Chat, a world-wide service you can use to send interactive messages to other people over the Internet. You can find general information about IRC in the newsgroup alt.irc, or at the following Web sites:

• IRChelp.org help archive

  http://www.irchelp.org/

• Yahoo!

  http://dir.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/Internet/Chats_and_Forums/Internet_Relay_Chat__IRC_/

Related online NETg tutorials (IU only)

Internet and WWW Introduction
  Unit: Internet and Business Services
    Lesson: Internet: An Introduction
      Topic: Internet: Services

If you haven't used NETg before, see the Knowledge Base document What do I need to know about accessing NETg from the Knowledge Base?

Also see:

• Where can I find definitions of computer terms online?
• How can I search for information on the World Wide Web?
• Where can I find information about standards for the World Wide Web?

This is document aavl in domain all from the Knowledge Base.
Last updated on May 10, 2002

What is IrDA?

IrDA is an acronym that stands for Infrared Data Association, a group of computer and device manufacturers that developed a standard for transmitting data via infrared light waves. Founded in 1993, IrDA is dedicated to developing standards for wireless, infrared transmission systems between computers.

Laptops, printers, and PDAs are the most common devices that come with IrDA ports. The IrDA port allows devices to transmit data or use a printer without any additional cables. For example, if both your laptop computer and your printer have IrDA ports, you can simply put the computer in front of the printer and print a document, without needing to connect the two with a cable. IrDA uses line-of-sight transmission like that used by a TV remote control. IrDA products began to appear in 1995.

The IrDA port can run at speeds ranging from 115.2Kbps to 1.15Mbps and 4Mbps. The higher speeds are roughly the same transmission rates as traditional parallel ports. Devices using IrDA ports usually need to be within 10 feet of each other, and there must be a clear line of sight between them.

For additional information, visit the following URL:

  http://www.extendedsystems.com/products/umc/

Also see:

• What is the difference between a LAN, a MAN, and a WAN, and what is a LAN connection?
• What are some common networking terms?
• What is a wireless LAN?

What is ISO (the International Organization for Standardization), and where can I find information about it?

ISO, the International Organization for Standardization, was established in 1947 as a means of coordinating, developing, and unifying industrial and technical standards. Through the establishment of precise specifications, the organization seeks to improve the compatibility, safety, simplicity, quality, and economic viability of products for many industries. Based in Geneva, Switzerland, ISO is composed of representatives from standards organizations in each of its member countries, and does its work through committees that establish standards for industry, research, and government. For example, ANSI (American National Standards Institute) is ISO's United States representative, and JTC 1 is the committee for information technology.

For more information, see ISO's Web page at:

  http://www.iso.ch/iso/en/ISOOnline.openerpage

Also see:

• What is ANSI?
• What is the Latin-1 (ISO-8859-1) character set?
• What is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and where can I find information about it?
• What is the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and where can I find more information about it?

What is IU Broadcast?

IU Broadcast is a Web site that broadcasts and stores video feeds of some recent events at Indiana University (for example, concerts, sporting events, campus ceremonies, panel discussions, and lectures). With IU Broadcast, you can view selected events live via the Internet. The URL for IU Broadcast is:

  http://broadcast.iu.edu/

If you miss the live broadcast of an event, you can check the list of archived broadcasts to see if it is still available for viewing.

To use this site, you must have video player software on your computer. You can download a video player free from the Internet at the following site:

  http://www.real.com/

Click Free RealOne Player and follow the instructions.

This is document ahyl in domain all from the Knowledge Base.
Last updated on May 31, 2002

What is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers (IEEE), and where can I find information

about it?

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) was formed in the late 1800s as an organization of technical professionals. It has since become very active in the development of technical specifications and standards, including many of the technologies used to build the infrastructure of the Internet. Much of its work is done through its technical societies, associations of professionals who share interest in specific areas. For more information about the IEEE, visit:

  http://www.ieee.org/portal/index.jsp

Though the IEEE's technical societies cover a broad spectrum of fields, ranging from oceanic engineering to nuclear sciences, here are links to the Web pages for some of its computer-related groups:

IEEE Circuits and Systems Society

  http://www.ieee-cas.org/

IEEE Communications Society

  http://www.comsoc.org/

IEEE Computer Society

  http://www.computer.org/

IEEE Information Theory Society

  http://www.itsoc.org/

IEEE Neural Networks Council

  http://www.ewh.ieee.org/tc/nnc/

Also see:

• What is ANSI?
• What is ISO (the International Organization for Standardization), and where can I find information about it?
• What is POSIX?
• What is the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and where can I find more information about it?

What is the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

 and where can I find more information about it?

Founded in 1865 to coordinate international telegraph networks, the Geneva-based ITU has evolved into a United Nations agency charged with governing the advancement of all telecommunications technologies. It regulates and devises standards for communication networks worldwide, conferring with government and industry sources. The ITU's Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is responsible for most of the important modem standards (e.g., V.32bis, V.34, V.90). The ITU also plays a key role in other communication models, such as videoconferencing and wireless, and advises the ISO/IEC telecommunications committee.

For more information about the ITU, visit:

  http://www.itu.int/home/index.html

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Last updated on May 15, 2002